Address: Russia, Nizhny Novgorod region, Bolsheboldinsky district, with. Bolshoe Boldino
Main attractions: House of the Lord, Humpback Bridge, Chapel of Michael the Archangel, Monument to Alexander Pushkin, Patrimony's Office, Estate Park
Coordinates: 55 ° 00'09.4 "N 45 ° 18'34.5" E
Cultural heritage site of the Russian Federation
Content:
Brief history and description
At 230 km from Nizhny Novgorod, on gentle hills among the Russian plains, lies the ancient village of Bolshoye Boldino. The atmosphere of those times reigns here, when the poet A. Pushkin came here, trying to find inspiration.
The history of the village goes back to the Middle Ages. Until the 1580s, the village of Zabortniki was located on the site of Boldino, where the Mordovians lived, who hunted in collecting honey from wild bees. The village probably got its modern name from the personal Mordovian name Boldai. Since the 16th century, this land "in the Arzamas district, under the Mordovian black forest" was in the possession of the noble family of Pushkins.
Master's house, back side
In 1585, Evstafy Mikhailovich Pushkin, a diplomat at the court of Ivan the Terrible, received Boldino as an estate (without the right to inheritance) as a reward from the tsar for his feats of arms... Eustathius Pushkin showed remarkable courage and ingenuity when the tsar appointed him voivode in Smolensk in 1580.
Under the leadership of the governor, the Smolyans suddenly attacked the Lithuanian camp, capturing all the guns and camp property of the enemy. Eustathius also distinguished himself during diplomatic negotiations with the Polish king Stephen Bathory.
Monument to A.S. Pushkin
In 1612, the village of Bolshoye Boldino was granted to Ivan Fedorovich Pushkin for his services in liberating Moscow from the Polish invaders. After the death of the childless Ivan Fyodorovich, his brother, voivode Fyodor Fyodorovich Pushkin, received Boldino as a reward from Tsar Mikhail Fyodorovich for military service and personal valor, repelling the attack on Moscow by the Polish-Lithuanian troops led by Prince Vladislav. Since then, the noblemen Pushkin became notable landowners who passed on the family estate of Boldino by inheritance.
Humpbacked bridge
In 1741 - 1790 the estate belonged to the great poet's grandfather, Lev Alexandrovich Pushkin. He expanded the land boundaries of the Boldino estate, including, in addition to Boldino itself, the village of Maloe Boldino and the village of Kistenevo, and built the Assumption Church in the estate. After the death of Lev Pushkin, his lands were divided among numerous heirs. So Pushkin's father, Sergei Lvovich, got half of the village of Boldin - 140 peasant households and an estate with a manor house and other buildings, and later the village of Kistenevo went to him.
Manor house main facade
A. Pushkin in Boldino
For the first time A. Pushkin arrived in Boldino in 1830, on the eve of his marriage to Natalia Goncharova... The young groom was going to spend a couple of weeks here in order to draw up all the necessary documents and take possession of 200 serfs, which his father allocated to him.
However, the cholera epidemic that swept the Nizhny Novgorod region blocked the poet's path, and he remained in the quarantine zone. The three autumn months of 1830, which the poet spent in Boldino, were marked by an unprecedented rise in creative inspiration.
Stable
Every day - from the pen of the creator, works of various genre and volume come out: small tragedies "The Covetous Knight", "Mozart and Salieri", the prose "Belkin's Tale", about 30 small poems and the last chapters of "Eugene Onegin", the poem " House in Kolomna ”, as well as a number of literary critical articles. Pushkin came to Boldino twice more - in the autumn months of 1833 and 1834, fruitfully working here on his works... In a short period of time, the writer created the poems "Angelo" and "The Bronze Horseman", the poem "Autumn", completed work on "Songs of the Western Slavs" and "The History of Pugachev".
Chapel of the Archangel Michael
Boldino Estate - A. Pushkin Museum Reserve
In 1837, after a tragic duel with Dantes on the Black River, the village of Boldino became the property of Lev Sergeevich, the poet's younger brother. In 1911, Lev Anatolyevich, the grand-nephew of the legendary Pushkin, sold the Boldin estate to the state. In 1949, on the occasion of the 150th anniversary of the poet's birth, the Pushkin Museum-Reserve "Boldino" was opened here. An old park with ponds and a "gazebo of fairy tales" and the poet's favorite grove Luchinnik have survived in Boldino. The manor complex has been completely restored. The main exposition dedicated to the theme "Pushkin in Boldino" is located within the walls of a mansion with a mezzanine.
A.S. Pushkin
The rooms, furnished with genuine furniture of the Pushkin era, contain not only household items of the 19th century, but also the personal belongings of the Pushkins. Family portraits hang on the walls. The interior of the study was recreated according to the drawing of Pushkin himself, found in the Boldin manuscripts. At the end of the linden alley there is a wooden outbuilding (an extension to the manor house), which once served as a patrimonial, or burmistra's office. Today, a memorial and household museum has been created in the outbuilding, telling about the last visit of Pushkin to Boldino.
The interior of the patrimonial office
The interior decoration of the outbuilding is typical of peasant buildings of the 19th century: two large rooms - the office itself, from where the estate was managed, and Pushkin's temporary office are connected by cold hallways. The buildings restored in the Perestroika era - the lord's kitchen, bathhouse, human, stables and barns - have been turned into exhibition halls where objects of peasant life of that time are exhibited. The Assumption Church, erected by A. Pushkin's grandfather, is a majestic building with a refectory and a bell tower. It is significant that the consecration of the temple took place in the year of the poet's birth. In 1830, in this church, Pushkin spoke with a playful sermon to the local peasants: "And cholera, brothers, befell you only from the fact that you do not pay your rent and you get drunk!"
